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Rogan · Pristupio: 14 Apr 2006 Poruke: 5341 Studijska grupa: Istorija umetnosti

Flash Memory Moves onto the Desktop

Flash memory is moving from iPods to desktops and laptops, providing a performance boost and the potential for instant boot-ups.

By Kate Greene Print

In a flash: Intel’s new flash memory drive, which is about the size of a matchbook, replaces a magnetic hard disk drive and is meant for low-end and ultra-portable computing devices. The flash chip can have as much as eight gigabytes of memory.

For the most part, flash memory has been used in small audio gadgets such as iPods and in portable USB drives. But a recent flurry of announcements from flash chip makers Intel and Samsung, among others, show that the technology has reached a point at which it is finally economical to integrate a small amount of flash memory--from 128 megabytes to 8 gigabtyes--into laptops and desktops as a supplement to the magnetic hard drive. The benefit, say chip makers, is faster boot times, faster application start-ups, and impressive power savings.

Since flash memory, which is created from silicon, is based on solid-state electronics, there are no moving parts, which makes it faster and more energy efficient than the spinning magnetic disks used in hard drives. Because flash is faster, it can be employed to cache frequently used files and applications. And since it is nonvolatile memory, flash can be used to store the start-up files for a system when the power is off, so that a computer can boot up much faster.

Earlier this month, Samsung, which is a major flash manufacturer, began shipping a device called a hybrid drive, which integrates flash memory into the same package as the magnetic storage. The hybrid drive was developed with Microsoft, says Steve Weinger, flash marketing manager at Samsung, and it's designed to take advantage of Vista's ReadyDrive feature, software that recognizes when flash memory is available and transfers data to it that would usually be saved on a hard disk. For instance, the software would instruct the system to download frequently accessed files to a flash cache instead of to the hard drive. In addition, when a file is saved, it's immediately saved to flash memory. When the memory reaches capacity, the data is sent to the hard drive at once, reducing the number of times the hard drive needs to spin up, saving time and power. Samsung's hybrid drives, which come with either 128 or 256 megabits of flash, are designed for high-end consumer desktops and laptops that run Vista.

Within the past couple of years, Intel has expanded its products to include flash memory chips. The company is working on a flash chip called Robson--expected within the year--that is also designed to work with Vista features. As with Samsung's hybrid drive, Intel's system will be able to save energy by less frequently using a hard disk by keeping a cache in flash, says Greg Matson, product manager for Intel's NAND flash group. Robson is designed for consumer and enterprise systems that run Vista. Unlike Samsung's hybrid drive, which integrates flash into the disk, Robson flash will be integrated into the motherboard of a computer.

In addition, Intel, Samsung, and others are working to completely replace magnetic hard drives in certain systems. Last week, Intel announced a solid-state drive designed for low-end servers and inexpensive computers that require less than eight gigabytes of data. Also, earlier this week, electronics maker Fujitsu announced that it is offering a rugged system with 16 gigabytes and 32 gigabytes for a cost of $500 and $1,300, respectively. Fujitsu's target markets are the health-care, aviation, and delivery industries, for which flash provides another advantage: because of its lack of moving parts, it's sturdier than magnetic disks and less prone to damage in rough environments.

There are still challenges before flash really competes with computers' hard drives. For one thing, it tends to wear out over time, as files are written and erased from memory sectors. Currently, flash is capable of 100,000 rewrites per cell, and specialized software has been developed to spread out the wear on flash chips, says Ethan Miller, professor of computer science at the University of California, Santa Cruz.

However, Miller says, this software might not be good enough when flash is used as a hard drive supplement or replacement because operating systems tend to frequently save numerous small files, such as error files or system logs. But as prices continue to fall, Miller adds, flash will become a more common option, and he expects that more and more systems will be designed with flash in mind.

brankko · Moderator

Yeah, davno su poceli da prave Hard Diskove od Flash chipova... Ima i nekih hibridnih varijanti gde se kombinuju Flash i magnetne ploce... Flash je inace brzi i otporan je na vibracije, udarce i padove (za razliku od magnetnih ploca) ali je skuplji... tek je skoro sa padom cena Flash memorije (SAMSUNG kao najveci svetski proizvodjas Flash memorijskih cipova) poceo da budzi HDD diskove od Flash memorija... Jos uvek je malo skupo za desktop varijante, ali za Laptop-ove moze da se zbudzi (jos bude i manjih dimenzija)

Evo i mog ljubimca od ultar lakih notebook-ova: http://littlek.wordpress.com/2006/11/02/sony-vaio-g-notebook/

Rogan · Pristupio: 14 Apr 2006 Poruke: 5341 Studijska grupa: Istorija umetnosti

Chudi me da Apple josh nije napravio ultra laki notebook...

brankko · Moderator

Pa zapravo imaju oni svoj iBook, tj sada MacBook (http://www.apple.com/macbook/macbook.html) ali ipak je tu SONY tata (sa svojom VAIO G serijom)

Rogan · Pristupio: 14 Apr 2006 Poruke: 5341 Studijska grupa: Istorija umetnosti

Znam za iBook, ali mislim da sam od svih chuo zhalbe da nije dovoljno lagan...

brankko · Moderator

Ja znam da su se za PowerBook zalili da se mnogo greje, a drug ima iBook i OKe je...

VaginaMonologue · Pristupio: 28 Mar 2007 Poruke: 124 Studijska grupa: ne studiram

ja imam iBook G4 vec dve godine. zgodan je za prenosenje. dovoljno lagan za moju nesretnu kicmu. stvarno mu dolikuje taj BOOK u nazivu.
zagreva se samo kada kompresujem video snimke sa mini dv kamere. ipak je to preveliki zalogaj za njega.

brankko · Moderator

To se za PowerBook prica da se greje nenormalno:

http://www.computing.net/mac/wwwboard/forum/11369.html

Citat:

Kompanija Apple najavila je da će povući 128.000 baterija namenjenih prenosivim računarima iBook i PowerBook, jer mogu da dožive kratak spoj koji može dovesti do pregrevanja i požara. Apple je dosad primio šest pritužbi zbog pregrevanja baterija. Računari u kojima se koriste problematične baterije su 12-inčni iBook G4, 12-inčni PowerBook G4 i 15-inčni PowerBook G4, a baterije nose oznake A1061, A1078 i A1079 i serijske brojeve od HQ441 do HQ507 i 3X446 do 3X510. Ti brojevi su ispisani na kućištu računara i vidljivi su kada se baterija ukloni. Kompanija Apple je savetovala korisnicima da odmah prestanu da koriste računare, i da dostave baterije koje će im biti besplatno zamenjene. (V.K.)

link

Bas je bilo i price o tome kako nije zdravo drzati laptop koji se greje u krilu jer unistava spermatozoide Smajli

A bilo je i parodija o tome kako na PowerBook-u mogu da se prze jaja Smajli

Cak su prodavali i posebne navlake i hladnjake...

http://justinblanton.com/2005/06/tiger-powerbook-overheating
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rlz=1B3GGGL_enYU219YU220&q=PowerBook+overheating&btnG=Search

jimson_crimson · Pristupio: 18 Apr 2006 Poruke: 1745 Studijska grupa: Istorija umetnosti

Citat:

Cak su prodavali i posebne navlake i hladnjake...

?
Navlake za sta?
Smajli

djaguard · Pristupio: 19 Jan 2007 Poruke: 1172 Studijska grupa: Psihologija

Citat:

Navlake za sta?

Citat:

A bilo je i parodija o tome kako na PowerBook-u mogu da se prze jaja

Pa, eto, jasna stvar - navlake za prženje jaja Plez

Šalu na stranu, ....
Zapravo nemam šta da kažem Smajli

brankko · Moderator

Pisalo se o tome dosta u casopisima... i o pregrevanju i o navlakama i o jajima Plez

A ove nove lfash diskove takodje karakterise da se manje greju, tako da ce i spermatozoidi biti brojniji Smajli

VaginaMonologue · Pristupio: 28 Mar 2007 Poruke: 124 Studijska grupa: ne studiram

hej sad sam se setila. kada lezim i pokrivena sam cebetom, pa je ibook na cebetu ume da poludi i da se zagreje da se bas zabrinem. prokleto cebe! Smajli

sad me tripuju ove tvoje informacije. Tuzan

a i riknula mi je baterija, jako kratko traje kad sam bezkablovna. Tuzan

da li je do mene, ili je do nje... pa mrzelo me i da se raspitujem jer ovde nisu hteli ni zvucnik da mi servisiraju "posto je kupljeno u US, pa ne vazi garancija ovde." smradovi.

u svakom slucaju drago mi je sto sam testicle-free.
a nadam se da ce jabuka da mi dugo zivi i da necu vise ovde na spamujem.

jimson_crimson · Pristupio: 18 Apr 2006 Poruke: 1745 Studijska grupa: Istorija umetnosti

Pa samo kupi novu bateriju za njega! Funkcionise kao i svaka
punjiva baterija, kao npr. ona za mobilni, vremenom rikne i samo
kupis novu i formiras je i to ti je to..............sve to, naravno, ako imas
gde da je kupis, ali cenim da se prodaje negde sigurno!!

brankko · Moderator

OKe je da se greje dok je na zici (kao i svaka druga baterija) a ne bi trebalo (previse) da se greje u radu...
Sve u svemu bar ne moras da pazis na testicle Smajli

A imas da kupis po ovim domacim Apple prodavnicama (Sta znam, Apple centar, Cometrade...)

Rogan · Pristupio: 14 Apr 2006 Poruke: 5341 Studijska grupa: Istorija umetnosti

Oduvek ste zheleli da posetite Ameriku? Evo vam prilike!

Aussie software pirate extradited

Kenneth Nguyen
May 7, 2007

Hew Raymond Griffiths has been extradited to the US following copyright infringement piracy and consiracy charges.

BEFORE he was extradited to the United States, Hew Griffiths, from Berkeley Vale in NSW, had never even set foot in America. But he had pirated software produced by American companies.

Now, having been given up to the US by former justice minister Chris Ellison, Griffiths, 44, is in a Virginia cell, facing up to 10 years in an American prison after a guilty plea late last month.

Griffiths' case - involving one of the first extraditions for intellectual property crime - has been a triumph for US authorities, demonstrating their ability to enforce US laws protecting US companies against Australians in Australia, with the co-operation of the Australian Government.

"Our agents and prosecutors are working tirelessly to nab intellectual property thieves, even where their crimes transcend international borders," US Attorney Chuck Rosenberg said.

In some corners of the Australian legal community, however, there is concern about Griffiths' case. In a recent article for the Australian Law Journal, NSW Chief Judge in Equity, Peter Young, wrote: "International copyright violations are a great problem. However, there is also the consideration that a country must protect its nationals from being removed from their homeland to a foreign country merely because the commercial interests of that foreign country are claimed to have been affected by the person's behaviour in Australia and the foreign country can exercise influence over Australia."

Griffiths, a Briton, has lived in Australia since the age of seven. From his home base on the central coast of NSW, he served as the leader of a group named Drink Or Die, which "cracked" copy-protected software and media products and distributed them free of cost. Often seen with long hair and bare feet, Griffiths did not make money from his activities, and lived with his father in a modest house.

But Drink or Die's activities did cost American companies money — an estimated $US50 million ($A60 million), if legal sales were substituted for illegal downloads undertaken through Drink or Die. It also raised the ire of US authorities.

In 2003, the US Department of Justice charged Griffiths with violating the copyright laws of the US, and requested his extradition from Australia. Senator Ellison signed a notice for Griffiths' arrest and Australian Federal Police arrested him at his home.

Griffiths fought the prospect of extradition through the courts for three years, in which time he was denied bail and detained in prison. He indicated that he would be willing to plead guilty to a breach of Australian copyright law, which meant he could serve time in Australia.

Last year, Griffiths ran out of avenues for appeal in Australia. His fate lay in the hands of Senator Ellison, who had the power to refuse Griffiths' extradition. But in December, Senator Ellison issued a warrant for extradition — a decision welcomed by the US Government. Griffiths' extradition in February is believed to be the first out of Australia for a breach of intellectual property law.

"This extradition represents the (US) Department of Justice's commitment to protect intellectual property rights from those who violate our laws from the other side of the globe," US Assistant Attorney-General Alice Fisher said.

But Justice Young described as "bizarre" the fact that "people are being extradited to the US to face criminal charges when they have never been to the US and the alleged act occurred wholly outside the US".

Griffiths appears to have been singled out by US authorities. British-based members of Drink or Die were reportedly tried in Britain. Last month, in news that slipped the local media's radar, Hew Griffiths pleaded guilty in a US District Court in Alexandria, Virginia, to criminal copyright infringement offences. According to US authorities, Griffiths admitted to overseeing all the illegal operations of the now-disbanded Drink Or Die.

On top of a possible 10-year jail term, Griffiths could be fined $US500,000. (By way of comparison, the average sentence for rape in Victoria is six years and 10 months.)

Any Australian who has pirated software worth more than $US1000 could be subject to the same extradition process as Griffiths was. "Should not the Commonwealth Parliament do more to protect Australians from this procedure?" Justice Young asked in his article. Others, however, argue that extradition is necessary to prevent internet crimes that transcend borders.